Pro-adherence complementary audiovisual educational intervention model for chronic myeloid leukemia patients treated with imatinib mesylate.

BACKGROUND: Imatinib mesylate (IM) treatment adherence is a challenge, especially in an economic-social population neglected from developing countries. OBJECTIVE: To create a new complementary audiovisual educational intervention model to improve IM treatment adherence of CML patients. METHODS: Two adherence verification methods were applied before and after intervention: modified Morisky-Green test and molecular responses (BCR-ABL transcripts quantification). Adherence estimates were calculated using univariate and multivariate component analysis (MCA) for the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of patients. RESULTS: Modified Morisky-Green test results demonstrated a substantial increase of CML patient adherence from 23% (pre-film) to 65% (post-film). Greater improvement was obtained for patients presenting major molecular response (MMR) from 38% (pre-film) to 60% (post-film). Although slight gain for complete molecular response (CMR) from 23% (pre-film) to 26% (post-film) was achieved, it represents a total tumour regression. MCA identified that females <50 years-old, using less than two medications (no disease associated) and CMR condition were the most benefited with intervention. CONCLUSION: Audiovisual educational intervention was an effective complementary pro-adherence model, activating patient memory and improving IM treatment adherence. Although this intervention shows effective, not all patients responded as expected, being necessary a combination of educational and clinical interventions to improve IM adherence.

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory response to curcumin supplementation in hemodialysis patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Hemodialysis (HD) patients are vulnerable to malnutrition and cardiovascular complications due to many factors, including oxidative stress and inflammation. Curcumin supplementation is associated with attenuation of proinflammatory cytokines and increased activity of antioxidant enzymes, but its effects in HD patients are unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of curcumin supplementation on oxidative stress and inflammation in HD patients. METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial enrolled 43 HD patients and divided them into two groups: supplemented with curcumin (1 g/day) or placebo (corn starch) for 12 weeks. Demographic information and blood samples were taken at the start and the end of the study to determine serum malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, antioxidant enzyme activity, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). RESULTS: The curcumin group showed a significant increase in catalase activity [Δ = 1.13 ± 2.87 versus Δ = -1.08 ± 2.68; p = 0.048] and preserved glutathione peroxidase activity [Δ = -4.23 ± 11.50 versus Δ = -14.44 ± 13.96; p < 0.01] compared with the placebo group. However, no significant changes were found in MDA concentrations, glutathione reductase activity, and hs-CRP concentrations after the intervention. CONCLUSION: Curcumin supplementation for 12 weeks had potential effects on antioxidant response, but it was not enough to reduce oxidative stress markers and inflammation in HD patients. This trial was registered at EnsaiosClínicos.gov.br under registration number RBR-2t5zpd.

Occupational exposure evaluation of Brazil university community to the volatile organic compounds.

Occupational exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOC) might generate serious worker health damages. Therefore, biological monitoring is essential to evaluate exposure biomarkers from highly toxic chemicals, ensuring better attention to the worker health. In this study was developed and validated a bioanalytical method based on high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to photodiode array (HPLC-PDA) for the quantification of VOC biomarkers in urine samples from Federal University of Goias (UFG) workers. Samples were collected from 30 occupationally exposed subjects after application of a questionnaire survey. The following biomarkers hippuric acid, methyl-hippuric acid, mandelic acid, phenylglyoxylic acid and phenol were quantified, representing exposition to toluene, xylene, styrene, ethylbenzene, benzene and phenol solvents, respectively. Hippuric acid levels were found close to or above the reference values, although a subject had levels higher than preconized by Biological Limit Values (BLV) guideline of 4.0 mg/g creatinine. Five subjects had 3 and 4-methylhippuric acid ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 mg/g creatinine. These results indicate a moderate to high VOC exposure from UFG workers. Multivariate analysis generated four clusters and indicated that histotechnicians and graphic workers need especial attention on occupational VOC exposure. The results from this study reinforce the need for reliable methods able to the biological monitoring as an important tool for assessing occupational exposure.

Baru Almonds Increase the Activity of Glutathione Peroxidase in Overweight and Obese Women: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Obesity-induced inflammation is frequently associated with higher oxidative stress. In vitro and experimental studies have considered baru almonds (Dipteryx alata Vog) as a legume seed with high antioxidant capacity. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether baru almonds are capable of improving the inflammatory and antioxidant status in overweight and obese women. METHODS: In a parallel-arm, randomized placebo-controlled trial, 46 overweight and obese women (age: 40 ± 11 years; body mass index: 33.3 ± 4.3) were randomly assigned to receive advice to follow a normocaloric and isoenergetic diet with placebo (PLA, n = 22) or similar advice plus 20 g baru almonds (BARU, n = 24) for 8 wk. Malondialdehyde (MDA), adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, antioxidant enzymes activities (catalase-CAT; glutathione peroxidase-GPx; superoxide dismutase-SOD), and minerals were analyzed in plasma samples. RESULTS: At baseline, groups were similar regarding the body composition, oxidative, and inflammatory parameters. The BARU group increased the activity of GPx (+0.08 U/mg, 95%CI + 0.05 to +0.12 vs. -0.07, 95%CI -0.12 to -0.03, p < 0.01) and plasma copper concentration (p = 0.037) when compared to the PLA group. No differences were observed between groups in CAT and SOD activity or MDA and cytokines concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Baru almond supplementation increased the GPx activity in overweight and obese women.

Perfil de usuário de crack e avaliação de densidade geral de problemas associados ao uso de substâncias psicoativas / Crack user profile and general density assessment of problems associated with the use of psychoactive substances

Objetivo: caracterizar o perfil dos usuários de crack atendidos em um hospital psiquiátrico. Método: estudo quantitativo, retrospectivo e prospectivo, em 57 prontuários de indivíduos internados, usuários de Substâncias Psicoativas (SPA), com idade entre os 18 aos 60 anos, entrevistados pelo instrumento Drug Use ScreeningInventory (DUSI). Utilizou-se a estatística descritiva para caracterizar os pacientes hospitalizados e identificar possíveis situações de risco aos mesmos, com o auxílio do software SPSS Statistics 21. Resultados: apesar do uso de crack ser o motivo da internação, todos os pacientes utilizaram outras SPA, incluindo etanol, tabaco, maconha e cocaína intranasal ou intravenosa, além de apresentarem relevantes densidades gerais de problemas decorrentes do uso de SPA e graves fraturas em suas redes sociais. Conclusão: o sucesso do tratamento de indivíduos com TRS deve incluir abordagens multidisciplinares, desde a triagem, técnicas de diagnósticos, perpassando por cuidados clínicos e psicossociais.

22-azidosalvinorin A exhibits antidepressant-like effect in mice.

The increasing cases of depression has made the searches for new drugs and understanding of the underligning neurobiology of this psychiatric disorder a necessity. Here, we modified the structure of salvinorin A (a known halucinogen) and investigated antidepressant-like activity of its four derivatives; 22-methylsulfanylsalvinorin A(SA1), 2-O-cinnamoylsalvinorin B (CSB), 22-azidosalvinorin A (SA2), and 2-O-(4'-azidophenylsulfonyl)salvinorin B (SA3). Prior to behavioural tests (Irwin test, open field test - OFT, forced swimming test - FST and tail suspension test - TST), SA1 was prepared by reacting salvinorin B and methylthioacetic acid with 89% yield; CSB was obtained from the reaction of salvinorin B and cinnamic acid with 92% yield; SA2 was obtained from the reaction of salvinorin B and azidoacetic acid with 81% yield; and SA3 was prepared by reacting salvinorin B with 4-azidophenylsulfonyl chloride with 80% yield. Oral treatment of mice with these derivatives (1-1000mg/kg) did not elicit toxic sign or death. Unlike SA, SA1, CSB and SA3, treatment with SA2 (5, 10 and 20mg/kg) decreased the immobility (TST and FST) and swimming time (FST) without altering locomotor activity in OFT. A decrease in the immobility time in TST and FST confirmed antidepressant-like property of SA2. Although p-chlorophenylalanine (serotonin depletor) or WAY100635 (selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonist) did not attenuate effect of SA2, alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine (catecholamine depletor) and prazosin (selective α1-receptor antagonist) attenuated this effect. SA2 mildly inhibited monoamine oxidase and showed affinity for α1A, α1B, α1D and κ-opioid receptor subtypes. In summary, SA2 induced monoamine-mediated antidepressant-like effect.

Prevalência do uso de drogas psicotrópicas em unidades da polícia militar / Prevalence of psychotropic drug use in military police units

Este trabalho objetivou verificar a prevalência do uso de drogas psicoativas (anfetamina, metanfetamina, canabinoides, cocaína, opioides e benzodiazepínicos) entre policiais militares do Estado de Goiás. Os dados foram obtidos a partir de amostras de urina cedidas voluntariamente pelos policiais participantes da pesquisa, os quais foram esclarecidos em relação à metodologia do estudo e assinaram o TCLE. As amostras foram submetidas à análise de triagem por imunocromatografia (Multi-DrugOneStep Test®) e, aquelas positivas, foram confirmadas por cromatografia em fase gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massa. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva. Os resultados apontaram a presença das seguintes drogas: anfetaminas (0,33%); canabinoides (0,67%); benzodiazepínicos (1,34%); 97,66% foram resultados negativos. A distribuição dos casos positivos foi: benzodiazepínicos (57,1%); canabinoides (28,6%) e anfetaminas (14,3%). Conclui-se que os achados de substâncias psicoativas na amostra de policiais militares voluntários chama a atenção sobre a necessidade da implantação de testes de drogas no efetivo da polícia militar e de políticas públicas preventivas, que visem evitar as consequências do consumo abusivo de psicotrópicos.

The present study aimed to verify the prevalence of psychoactive drug use (amphetamines, methamphetamines, cannabinoids, cocaine, opioids and benzodiazepines) among military police officers in the state of Goiás. Data were obtained from urine samples voluntarily provided by the officers participating in the study, who were informed of the study methods and signed a free and informed consent form. The samples were subject to screening analysis by immunochromatography (Multi-DrugOneStep Test®), with positive tests confirmed by gas chromatography– mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and data analyzed by descriptive statistics. The results indicated the presence of the following drugs: amphetamines (0.33%), cannabinoids (0.67%) and benzodiazepines (1.34%); 97.66% showed negative results. The positive cases were distributed as follows: benzodiazepines (57.1%); cannabinoids (28.6%) and amphetamines (14.3%). In conclusion, the detection of psychoactive substances in voluntary sampling of military police officers indicates the need to implement drug testing among active military officers and preventive public policies aimed at eliminating the abusive consumption of psychotropic drugs.

Monitorización terapéutica de la digoxinemia en pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca: comparación entre dos métodos analíticos / Therapeutic drug monitoring of digoxin in cardiac heart failure outpatients: comparisons of two analytical methods

OBJETIVO: Comparar las dos técnicas analíticas más utilizadas en la determinación de la digoxinemia y verificar cuál de ellas atiende mejor las necesidades de la rutina de seguimiento clínico de los pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca. MÉTODOS: En este trabajo fue investigado el perfil clínico y de laboratorio de 15 pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca los cuales fueron atendidos en el Ambulatorio para pacientes con Insuficiencia Cardiaca del Hospital das Clínicas de la Universidad Federal de Goiás, Brasil. Las muestras de sangre de los pacientes fueron recogidas y analizadas por Inmunoensayo y Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Eficiencia acoplada a Espectrometría de Masas (LC-MS/MS). RESULTADOS: Los resultados del test "t" de Student (p = 0,05) mostraron que hubo diferencia significativa entre los dos métodos analíticos. Las concentraciones determinadas por inmunoensayo fueron mayores que las concentraciones determinadas por LC-MS/MS, ya que ese método analiza la digoxina y también sus metabolitos y substancias endógenas, mientras que el LC-MS/MS analiza solamente la molécula de digoxina. Por otro lado, ninguno de los pacientes, presentó datos clínicos relevantes sugestivos de intoxicación digitálica, a pesar de que varios fármacos con potencial de interacción estuvieron asociados al tratamiento. CONCLUSIONES: A partir de los resultados obtenidos puede concluirse que el método por LC-MS/MS se mostró más selectivo y específico, siendo una opción para la monitorización terapéutica de la digoxina, desde que se obtengan valores de referencia para la digoxinemia por LC-MS/MS

OBJECTIVE: To compare two analytical techniques used in the determination of plasma digoxin (LC-MS/MS and immunoassay) and to verify which one better answer the need of the clinical monitoring routine of patients with cardiac heart failure. METHOD: The clinical findings in 15 cardiac heart failure (CHF) out patients of the Cardiac Heart Service of the Goias Federal University Clinical Hospital were investigated. Blood samples of the patients were collected and analysed by Immunoassay and by Liquid Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS: The results of the statistic test (Studentp = 0,05) showed a significant difference between the analytical methods: immunoassay concentrations were higher than the concentrations determined by LC-MS/MS. The explanation may be because immunoassay methodmeasures digoxin plus other metabolites and endogenous substances,while the LC-MS/MS method measures only the digoxin molecule. None of the patients, showed relevant clinical data suggestive of digi-talis intoxication, even several drugs with potential interaction wereassociated with treatment. CONCLUSION: It was concluded, therefore, that LC-MS/MS me thod issafer, more selective and specific than immunoassay, being an option for therapeutic drug monitoring of digoxin, since the reference values would be obtain for digoxinemia by LC-MS/MS

Determinação simplificada de carbamazepina, fenitoína, fenobarbital e lamotrigina em plasma emonitoração terapêutica por HPLC/PDA / Simplified determination of carbamazepine, phenytoin,phenobarbital and lamotrigine in plasma and therapeuticmonitoring by HPLC/PDA

Carbamazepina, fenitoína, fenobarbital e lamotrigina são bem conhecidos como fármacos anticonvulsivantes usados para o tratamento da epilepsia. A utilização destes fármacos é associada a várias reações adversas, tornando necessário o controle terapêutico. Os ensaios foram realizados por meio de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência e o método de extração utilizado foi o líquido-líquido. Os fármacos e o padrão interno de zolpidem foram separados por uma coluna de fase reversa (ACE5, C18150x 4,6 mm d.i.). A fase móvel constituída de acetonitrila (30%) e ácido cítrico/tampão fosfato pH 5,0 (70%) foi utilizada sob gradiente de fluxo de 0,7 a 1,2 mL/min e o comprimento de onda utilizado para a detecção dos analitos foi fixado em 210 nm. A técnica apresentou linearidade ao longo do intervalo de 0,5 a 20,0μg/mL para carbamazepina/lamotrigina e de 2,0 a 64,0 μg/mL, para fenitoina/fenobarbital com coeficiente de correlação linear maior que 0,98. As amostras de sangue foram obtidas de pacientes adultos com diagnóstico de epilepsia em acompanhamento no Ambulatório Municipal de Psiquiatria de Goiânia. A média de recuperação obtida foi de 96,8% a 108,5% para carbamazepina/lamotrigina e de 93,8% a 108,8% para a fenitoina/fenobarbital. Os limites de quantificação, precisão (CV< 15,0 %)e exatidão (E > 85,0 %) demonstraram estar em conformidade com as exigências da ANVISA. Nove pacientes foram avaliados para confirmar a validade do método.

Carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital and lamotrigine are well known anticonvulsant drugs used in the treatment of epilepsy. However, these medications are associated with side effects and therefore require therapeutic monitoring. Blood samples of adult outpatients diagnosed with epilepsy at the Goiânia Municipal Psychiatry Clinic (Brazil) were collected and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. The analytes and internal standard (zolpidem) were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction. A reversed phase column (ACE 5, C18, 150 x 4.6 mm i.d.) was used. The mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile (30%) and citric acid/phosphate buffer, pH 5.0 (70%). The gradient flow rate was from 0.7 to 1.2 mL/min and the detection wavelength was set at 210 nm for all analytes. The analysis revealed a linear range from 0.5 to 20.0μg/mL for carbamazepine/lamotrigine and 2.0 to 64.0 μg/mL for phenytoin/phenobarbital. Mean recovery ranged from 96.8% to 108.5% for carbamazepine/lamotrigine and 93.8% to 108.8% for phenytoin/phenobarbital. The quantification limit, precision (CV < 15%) and accuracy (A >85%) proved to be in accordance with the requirements stipulated by the Brazilian National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA). Nine outpatients were evaluated to confirm the validity of the method.

Avaliação da toxicidade aguda do extrato aquoso de Apeiba tibourbou Aubl (Tiliaceae), em camundongos e ratos / Assessment of acute toxicity of water extract from Apeiba tibourbou Aubl (Tiliaceae) in mice and rats

O teste de toxicidade aguda estima a dose letal mediana (DL50 ) e classifica os toxicantes quanto à periculosidade, inclusive para extratos de plantas. A espécie Apeiba tibourbou Aubl (Tiliaceae), conhecida como pau-de-jangada ou pente-de-macaco, é empregada popularmente como antirreumática, antiespasmódica e expectorante, embora seja desconhecida quanto aos seus efeitos tóxicos. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar o potencial de toxicidade aguda do extrato aquoso de A. tibourbou (EAT), administrado por gavagem, em camundongos fêmeas e ratos fêmeas, seguindo as diretrizes OECD Guideline 423/2001 e o screening hipocrático. Os camundongos fêmeas foram divididos em três grupos de três animais cada (C1 – controle, água filtrada, 0,25 mL; C2 –300 mg/kg de EAT; e C3 – 2000 mg/kg de EAT). Os ratos fêmeas foram divididos em dois grupos de três animais cada (R1 – controle, água filtrada, 0,5 mL; e R2 – 2000 mg/kg de EAT). O grupo C2 consumiu 28% de água a mais que o grupo C1 (p < 0,05); o grupo C3 produziu 31% de excretas a mais que o grupo C1 (p < 0,0001); o grupo R2 reduziu o consumo de ração e a produção de excretas em 20% e 28% em relação ao grupo R1 (p < 0,05), respectivamente. No screening hipocrático, nenhuma alteração motora e/ou sensorial foi observada. Não houve morte nem estado moribundo de nenhum animal. Conclui-se que o EAT possui DL50 estimada maior que 2000 mg/kg (Classe 5 de toxicidade, segundo o Globally Harmonized System – GHS, ONU), demonstrando reduzido potencial de toxicidade aguda.

The acute toxicity test estimates the median lethal dose (LD50) against a given test organism and classifies toxic substances, including plant extracts, according to their intrinsic toxicity. Apeiba tibourbou Aubl (Tiliaceae), a tree known in Brazil as “raft-wood” or “monkey’s comb”, is popularly used as an antirheumatic, antispasmodic and expectorant agent, although its toxic effects are unknown. The objective of this research was therefore to investigate the potential acute toxicity to female mice and rats of a water extract of A. tibourbou leaves (WET), administered by gavage, following OECD Guideline 423/2001 and hippocratic screening. The female mice were divided into three groups of three animals each (C1 – control, given 0.25 mL filtered water; C2 – treated with 300 mg/kg WET; C3 – with 2000 mg/kg WET). The female rats were divided into two groups of three animals each (R1 – control, given 0.5 mL filtered water; R2 – 2000 mg/kg WET). Group C2 consumed 28% more water than group C1 (p < 0.05); group C3 produced 31% more excreta than group C1 (p < 0.0001); group R2 reduced food consumption and excretion by 20% and 28%, relative to group R1 (p < 0.05), respectively. During the Hippocratic screening, no motor and/or sensorial alterations were observed. Neither death nor symptoms of impending death were observed in any animals. It can be concluded that WET has an estimated LD50greater than 2000 mg/kg (Class 5 toxicity, according to the UN Globally Harmonized System – GHS), demonstrating low acute toxicity potential.

Um método simplificado para análise de cotinina em urina usando CG-EM / A simplified method for the analysis of urinary cotinine by GC-MS

Cotinine is the major metabolite of nicotine and, being very stable and having a long biological half-life, it can be used as a biomarker for tobacco exposure. The aim of this study was to develop an analytical GC-MS technique to measure levels of cotinine in the urine of active and passive smokers and to compare the results with reference values. The extraction of cotinine to generate the calibration curve was performed by mixing urine (250 ?L) with 50 ?L of a cotinine standard, 50 ?L of an internal standard of deuterated cotinine (15μgμmL-1) and 50 μL of 10% NH4OH solution. Next, 2 mL of a mixture of MTBE:dichloromethane:ethyl acetate (30:30:40 by volume) was added and the whole was vortexed, then centrifuged at 3000 rpm. Finally, 1.6 mL of the organic layer was evaporated under a stream of dry air at 50 °C. The resulting extract was dissolved in methanol and injected into the GC-MS system. The LOQ and LOD for cotinine were 100 and 20 ng.mL-1, respectively. The curve was linear over the whole tested range of 100 - 5000 ng.mL-1 and the method achieved 50% recovery. The intra and inter-day precisions were 1.62 ? 7.28% and 0.86 - 2.68%, respectively. Accuracy was determined at three concentrations (low, medium and high), with six replicates (95.24- 97.67%). The validation of this cotinine assay by GC-MS showed that it exhibited satisfactory limits and the assay could be performed with a one-step liquid-liquid extraction. The technique presented here can thus be used for the quantitation of cotinine levels in the urine of passive and active smokers.

A cotinina é o metabólito principal da nicotina, é muito estável e tem uma elevada meia-vida biológica e pode ser usado como biomarcador da exposição ao tabaco. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver uma técnica analítica em CG-EM para medir os níveis de cotinina na urina de fumantes ativos e passivos e comparar os resultados com valores de referência. A extração da cotinina para construir a curva de calibração foi desenvolvida misturando 250 μL de padrão de cotinina em urina, 50 μL de padrão interno (cotinina deuterada 15 ?g?mL-1) e 50 μL de solução aquosa de NH4OH 10%. Em seguida, 2 mL da mistura MTBE:diclorometano:acetato de etila (30:30:40 v/v) foi adicionada, agitada em vórtex e centrifugada a 3000 rpm. Finalmente, 1,6 mL da camada orgânica foi evaporada sob ar seco a 50 °C. O extrato resultante foi dissolvido em metanol e injetado no sistema CG-EM. Os limites de quantificação e de detecção foram 100 e 20 ng?mL-1, respectivamente. A curva de calibração foi linear no intervalo de concentração testado (100 - 5000 ng?mL-1), com 50% de recuperação. Os valores de precisão intra-dia e inter-dia foram 1,62 ? 7,28% e 0,86 - 2,68%, respectivamente. A exatidão (95,24 - 97,67%) foi determinada sob 3 concentrações (baixa, média e alta), com 6 replicatas. A validação deste procedimento para análise de cotinina por CG-EM demonstrou valores satisfatórios, numa única etapa de extração líquido-líquido, podendo ser utilizada para a quantificação dos níveis de cotinina em amostras de urina de fumantes ativos e passivos.

Desenvolvimento e validação de método analítico para determinação do 4-nerolidilcatecol (4-NRC) em solução de proteína plasmática para aplicação em estudos de microdiálise cutânea / Development and validation of analytical method to determine 4-nerolidylcatechol (4-NRC) in plasma protein solution used for cutaneous microdialysis studies

Este artigo aborda a validação de um método analítico para determinação, em amostras de microdiálise, de 4-nerolidilcatecol (4-NRC), uma substância natural extraída da Piper umbellata (Piperaceae) com comprovada atividade antioxidante. O sistema de cromatografia líquida (CLAE-PDA Shimadzu LC 20AT, bomba LC–20AT, injetor com autosampler SIL– 20A) foi acoplado a uma coluna C18 (Phenomenex® Synergi Fusion 4μ RP-80ª, 150 x 4,6 mm). A fase móvel constituiu-se de acetonitrila, metanol e água (54:20:26, v:v:v), sob fluxo de 1,0 mL min-1, com detecção a 280 nm, volume de injeção 30 μL e tempo de corrida 15 minutos. O método foi linear para concentrações de 5,0-200,0 μg mL -1 (r = 0,9996). Os limites de detecção e de quantificação foram, respectivamente, 1,35 e 4,5 μg mL-1. A precisão (DPR <5,0%) e exatidão (99,0 – 112,0%) ficaram dentro dos valores recomendados pela ANVISA. A robustez foi garantida medindo-se a influência da variação do fluxo e da proporção de acetonitrila da fase móvel. As amostras de albumina enriquecidas com 4-NRC e submetidas ao processo de extração apresentaram recuperação de 69 a 95%. O método desenvolvido pode ser aplicado à análise de 4-NRC, com finalidade de estudos de microdiálise cutânea, devido aos adequados parâmetros de validação obtidos.

This paper reports the validation of an analytical method for the determination, in skin microdialysis samples, of 4-nerolidylcatechol (4-NRC), a natural substance extracted from Piper (Pothomorphe) umbellata (Piperaceae) with recognized antioxidant activity. The liquid chromatographic system (HPLC-PDA Shimadzu LC20AT, pump LC-20AT, injector with autosampler SIL-20A) was coupled to a C18 column (Phenomenex® Synergi Fusion 4 μm RP-80 Å, 150 x 4.6 mm), with acetonitrile:methanol:water (54:20:26, v:v:v) as the mobile phase, flowing at 1.0 mL min-1, with detection by absorbance at 280 nm, injection volume 30 μL and running time 15 min. The method was linear for concentrations from 5.0 to 200.0 μg mL-1 (r=0.9996). Detection and quantitation limits were, respectively, 1.35 and 4.5 μg mL-1, precision (RSD < 5.0%) and accuracy (99.0-112.0%) within values recommended by ANVISA. The robustness was tested by measuring the effect of arying the flow-rate and the proportion of acetonitrile in the mobile phase. Microdialysis perfusion solution of albumin (BSA) spiked with 4-NRC and subjected to liquid-liquid extraction showed recovery from 69 to 95%. This method is applicable to the analysis of 4-NRC for the purpose of cutaneous microdialysis studies, in view of the acceptable validation parameters obtained.

Healing activity of laser InGaAlP (660nm) in rats / Atividade cicatrizante do laser AlGaInP (660nm) em ratos

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect the healing activity of diode laser Indium Gallium Aluminum Phosphorus (InGaAlP) ë660nm on healing of surgical wounds in rats. METHODS: Fifty-four female Wistar rats were used, divided into three groups (n=18) and subdivided into three subgroups (n=6) to be studied in 5, 10 and 15th days after surgical procedures. The wound was induced in the dorsal-cervical using punch. The lesions were irradiated on alternate days with InGaAlP laser, the energy densities of 3J/cm² (L3) or 6J/cm² (L6). The control group received no irradiation. At 5, 10 and 15th days after surgery the animals were euthanized and the repair area was removed and histological sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and picrossírius. We evaluated macroscopic and histological lesions in the times cited, as well as morphometric analysis of angiogenesis and collagen content. RESULTS: The wound healing activity InGaAlP laser was evidenced by increased angiogenesis group L3 and L6 in relation to control group (CG) at the 5th day (p=0.0001) and decreased polymorphonuclear infiltrate and hemorrhage (p=0.045 and p=0.07 respectively) in the groups L3 and L6 in relation to control group (GC). On the 10 and 15th days was also observed in groups treated with laser L3 and L6 stimulation was pronounced fibroplasia (p=0.0003 and p=0.034 respectively) when compared with the control group (CG). CONCLUSION: The InGaAlP laser acted positively on the healing of skin wounds in rats.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a atividade cicatrizante do laser diodo Alumínio Gálio Índio Fósforo (AlGaInP), ë660nm em feridas cutâneas induzida em ratos. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 54 ratos Wistar, fêmeas, divididos em três grupos (n=18) e subdivididos em três subgrupos (n=6) animais para serem estudados no 5, 10 e 15º dias após o procedimento cirúrgico. A ferida foi induzida em região dorso-cervical utilizando punch. As lesões foram irradiadas em dias alternados com laser AlGaInP, nas densidades de energia de 3J/cm² (L3) ou 6J/cm²(L6). O grupo controle não recebeu irradiação. No 5,10 e 15º dia após o procedimento cirúrgico os animais foram eutanasiados e a área de reparo foi removida e os cortes histológicos foram corados com hematoxilina-eosina e picrossírius. Foram avaliados aspectos macroscópicos e histológicos das lesões nos tempos citados, bem como análises morfométricas da angiogênese e do conteúdo de colágeno. RESULTADOS: A atividade cicatrizante do laser AlGaInP foi evidenciada pelo aumento da angiogênese do grupo L3 e L6 em relação ao grupo controle (GC) no 5º dia (p=0,0001) e diminuição do infiltrado de polimorfonucleares e hemorragia (p=0,045 e p=0,007 respectivamente) dos grupos L3 e L6 em relação ao controle. No 10 e 15ºdias observou-se também que nos grupos tratados com laser L3 e L6 houve estimulo acentuado a fibroplasia(p=0,0003 e p=0,034 respectivamente), quando comparados ao grupo controle (GC). CONCLUSÃO: O laser AlGaInP atuou de forma positiva sobre a cicatrização de feridas cutâneas em ratos.

Healing activity of laser InGaAlP (660nm) in rats.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect the healing activity of diode laser Indium Gallium Aluminum Phosphorus (InGaAlP) ë660nm on healing of surgical wounds in rats. METHODS: Fifty-four female Wistar rats were used, divided into three groups (n=18) and subdivided into three subgroups (n=6) to be studied in 5, 10 and 15(th) days after surgical procedures. The wound was induced in the dorsal-cervical using punch. The lesions were irradiated on alternate days with InGaAlP laser, the energy densities of 3J/cm(2) (L3) or 6J/cm(2) (L6). The control group received no irradiation. At 5, 10 and 15(th) days after surgery the animals were euthanized and the repair area was removed and histological sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and picrossírius. We evaluated macroscopic and histological lesions in the times cited, as well as morphometric analysis of angiogenesis and collagen content. RESULTS: The wound healing activity InGaAlP laser was evidenced by increased angiogenesis group L3 and L6 in relation to control group (CG) at the 5(th) day (p=0.0001) and decreased polymorphonuclear infiltrate and hemorrhage (p=0.045 and p=0.07 respectively) in the groups L3 and L6 in relation to control group (GC). On the 10 and 15(th) days was also observed in groups treated with laser L3 and L6 stimulation was pronounced fibroplasia (p=0.0003 and p=0.034 respectively) when compared with the control group (CG). CONCLUSION: The InGaAlP laser acted positively on the healing of skin wounds in rats.

Diagnósticos de enfermagem em pessoas acometidas pela síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida em terapia antirretroviral / Diagnósticos de enfermería en personas afectadas por el síndrome de la inmunodeficiencia adquirida en la terapia antirretroviral / Nursing diagnoses for people affected by acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in antiretroviral therapy

Estudo descritivo-exploratório de abordagem quantitativa, cujos objetivos foram conhecer e avaliar os diagnósticos de enfermagem de pessoas acometidas pela Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida, antes e após o atendimento ambulatorial e a consulta de enfermagem. A pesquisa foi realizada em um hospital referência de Goiânia, Goiás. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de um questionário estruturado, com 15 pacientes cadastrados no ambulatório do referido hospital, no período de julho a dezembro de 2009. Os resultados evidenciaram que houve alteração positiva da maioria dos diagnósticos de enfermagem, tais como mucosa oral prejudicada, risco de solidão, déficit de lazer, déficit de autocuidado e ansiedade. No entanto, a nutrição, antes alterada para menos, modificou-se para mais, indo além das necessidades individuais de 6(40%) pacientes. Constatou-se que, durante a terapia, o diagnóstico de enfermagem, seguido por orientações do enfermeiro, resultou em assistência eficaz à maioria dos pacientes pesquisados.

Descriptive exploratory study of quantitative approach, which aimed at assessing and evaluating nursing diagnoses in people affected by Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) before and after outpatient treatment and nursing consultation. The survey was conducted in a referral hospital in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. Data collection was conducted through a structured questionnaire with 15 patients registered at the outpatient clinic of the hospital from July to December, 2009. Results showed positive changes in the majority of nursing diagnoses, namely impairment of oral mucosa, risks of loneliness, leisure shortage, self-care deficit, and anxiety. However, nutrition levels changed from below to above individual’s needs in 6(40%) patients. It was found that during therapy nursing diagnosis followed by nurses’ advice resulted in effective assistance to the majority of patients surveyed.

Estudio descriptivo-exploratorio de enfoque cuantitativo, cuyo objetivo era analizar y evaluar los diagnósticos de enfermería a las personas afectadas por el Síndrome de la Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida, antes y después del tratamiento en ambulatorio y la consulta de enfermería. La encuesta fue realizada en un hospital de referencia de Goiânia, Goiás – Brasil. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo a través de un cuestionario estructurado, con 15 pacientes registrados en el ambulatorio del hospital, en el período de julio a diciembre de 2009. Los resultados mostraron que hubo un cambio positivo de la mayoría de los diagnósticos de enfermería, como alteración de la mucosa oral, riesgo de soledad, escasez de tiempo libre, déficit de autocuidado y ansiedad. Sin embargo, la nutrición, antes alterada para menos, cambió para más, yendo además de las necesidades individuales de 6(40%) pacientes. Se encontró que durante el tratamiento, el diagnóstico de enfermería, seguido por orientaciones del enfermero, resultó en asistencia efectiva a la mayoría de los pacientes encuestados.

Efeito analgésico do piroxicam para tratamento de dor aguda induzida / Analgesic effect of piroxicam for treatment of induced acute pain

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A dor e a inflamação representam processos fisiopatológicos fundamentais para eliminar os estímulos lesivos ao organismo vivo. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a eficácia do produto de referência Feldene® com um produto similar (FLX), no tratamento de dor sensorial aguda induzida em camundongos. MÉTODO: Ensaio pré-clínico com 18 camundongos albinos fêmeas (Mus musculus), variedade (Swiss-Webster), jovens e sadios, divididos em 3 grupos de 6 animais cada, para avaliação do efeito analgésico do piroxicam, comparativo entre os produtos de referência e similar. O tratamento constituiu-se de 1 mg/kg para os grupos A: piroxicam referência, B: controle (placebo-veículo) e C: piroxicam similar (FLX). Após 1h da administração dos tratamentos, administrou-se ácido acético a 0,6% (0,1 mL/10g) por via intraperitoneal e realizada a contagem das contorções abdominais durante 30 minutos. Os dados obtidos foram descritos em médias e desvios-padrões das médias. RESULTADOS: Observou-se diferença significativa no número de contorções para o produto referência 15,50 ± 3,50, produto similar 26,67 ± 7,87, quando comparado ao placebo 146,83 ± 8,82. Também foi observada a redução do número de contorções quando comparado o medicamento de referência (90%) com o produto similar (82%). Considerou-se significativo quando p < 0,05 (teste de Tukey). CONCLUSÃO: Conforme esperado, o piroxicam demonstrou ser eficaz para o controle das contorções abdominais. O produto referência apresentou melhores resultados visto que obteve menor número de contorções e sua média foi considerável em relação ao produto similar.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Pain and inflammation represent fundamental pathophysiological processes to eliminate the injurious stimuli to the living organism.The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the reference product Feldene®, (FLX) with a similar product for the treatment of acute sensory pain induced in mice. METHOD: Pre-clinical testing with 18 female albino mice (Mus musculus) Swiss-Webster variety, young and healthy, were divided into 3 groups of 6 animals each, to evaluate the analgesic effect of piroxicam, comparing the reference products and similar. The treatment consisted of 1 mg/kg for groups A: piroxicam reference, B: control (placebo-vehicle) and C: similar to piroxicam (FLX). After 1h of treatment administration, was given 0.6% acetic acid (0.1 mL/10g) by i.p. and the counting of contortions for 30 minutes. Data were expressed as means and standard deviations of means. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the number of contortions to the reference product 15.50 ± 3.50, 26.67 ± 7.87 similar products, compared to 146.83 ± 8.82 placebo. We noted the reduction in the number of contortions when compared to the reference product (90%) with similar product (82%). We considered p < 0.05 significant difference (Tukey test). CONCLUSION: As expected, the piroxicam proved effective to control the writhing. The reference product showed the best results obtained since a smaller number of contortions and its average was considerable when compared to the like product.

Perfil da terapêutica utilizada em pacientes hipertensos atendidos em hospital público / Profile of therapy used in hypertensive patients treated at the public hospital

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Estudos evidenciam ser fundamentais o controle e o tratamento da hipertensão, a fim de reduzir eventos cardiovasculares. Estima-se que aproximadamente 30 milhões de brasileiros são atingidos pela doença. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o perfil da terapêutica utilizada em pacientes hipertensos em hospital público, bem como identificar as principais comorbidades associadas conforme o sexo. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, através da análise de prontuários de pacientes atendidos no períodode maio a julho de 2010 no Ambulatório de Cardiologia no Hospital de Urgências de Goiânia (HUGO). Foi utilizada média e desvio-padrão para planificação dos dados e posteriormente foram tratados estatisticamente. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 103 prontuários de pacientes com média de idade de 59,41 ± 14,12 anos, sendo 52% do sexo feminino. As principais comorbidades associadas ao sexo feminino foram dislipidemia (20%), diabetes mellitus e neoplasia (16%).Em contrapartida no sexo masculino foram dislipidemia (25%), doença de Chagas (18%) e neoplasias (16%), porém não houve diferença significativa. A hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) pode ter sido responsável pelo aparecimento de 49 (48%) dos casos diagnosticados de doença arterial coronariana (DAC), insuficiência cardíaca (IC) e acidente vascular encefálico (AVE), durante o tratamento de HAS (p < 0, 032). A terapêutica mais utilizada para o tratamento da HAS neste estudo foi a associação de três ou mais medicamentos, sendo os diuréticos (26%), inibidores da enzima conversora de angiotensina II (IECA) 29% e os inibidores adrenérgicos(22%) os mais prescritos na terapia anti-hipertensiva. CONCLUSÃO: A terapêutica mais efetiva continua sendo a prevenção,estar atento aos fatores de risco e buscar sempre a adesão do paciente ao tratamento.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Studies show that it is essential to control and treatment of hypertension in order to reduce cardiovascular events. It is estimated that approximately 30 million Brazilians are afflicted by disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the profile of the therapy used in hypertensive patients in a public hospital, as well as identify key comorbidities by gender. METHOD: This is a descriptive retrospective study, by analyzing medical records of patients treated between May to July 2010 the Cardiology Outpatient Clinic at Hospital de Goiânia (HUGO). We used mean and standard deviation of data for planning and subsequently were treated statistically.RESULTS: We analyzed medical records of 103 patients with mean age 59.41 ± 14.12 years, 52% female. The main comorbidities associated female were dyslipidemia (20%), diabetes mellitusand neoplasm's (16%). In contrast in males were dyslipidemia(25%), Chagas disease (18%) and neoplasm's (16%), but differences were not significant. Hypertension may have been responsiblefor the appearance of 49 (48%) of diagnosed cases of coronary artery disease (CAD), heart failure (CHF) and cerebrovascular accident (CVA) during treatment of hypertension (p < 0, 032). The most commonly used therapy for thetreatment of hypertension in this study was the association oft hree or more medications, diuretics (26%), inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACEI) 29% and adrenergic inhibitors(22%) were prescribed on antihypertensive therapy. CONCLUSION: A more effective therapy is the prevention, bea ware of the risk factors and to always seek the patient's adherence to treatment.

Survey on the use of psychotropic drugs by twelve military police units in the municipalities of Goiânia and Aparecida de Goiânia, state of Goiás, Brazil / Pesquisa sobre uso de drogas psicotrópicas em 12 unidades da Polícia Militar nos municípios de Goiânia e Aparecida de Goiânia, Estado de Goiás, Brasil

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of psychotropic drug use among military police officers in the state of Goiás, Brazil. METHOD: Study carried out at twelve military police units located in the municipalities of Goiânia and Aparecida de Goiânia between March to October 2008. Volunteers (n = 221) were interviewed about drug use using a questionnaire especially designed by the Centro Brasileiro de Informações sobre Drogas Psicotrópicas (CEBRID). Descriptive statistics was used to determine the prevalence of licit and illicit drug use in the study sample. RESULTS: The frequency of use was divided into: 1) lifetime use: tobacco - 39.9 percent, alcohol - 87.8 percent, cannabis - 8.1 percent, cocaine - 1.8 percent, stimulants - 7.2 percent, solvents - 10.0 percent, sedatives, anxiolytics, antidepressants - 6.8 percent, LSD - 0.5 percent, Bentyl® - 0.5 percent, anabolic steroids - 5.4 percent; 2) use in the previous year: tobacco - 15.4 percent, alcohol - 72.9 percent, stimulants - 6.3 percent, solvents - 0.5 percent, sedatives, anxiolytics, antidepressants - 3.7 percent; 3) use in the previous 30 days: tobacco - 14.5 percent, alcohol - 57.5 percent, stimulants - 5.0 percent, solvents - 0.5, sedatives, anxiolytics, antidepressants - 3.7 percent. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence rate of psychotropic drug use found amoung military police officers in two cities of the state of Goiás in Brazil can be considered an important factor with potential influence on job activities.

OBJETIVO: Verificar a prevalência do uso de drogas psicotrópicas por membros da Polícia Militar no Estado de Goiás, Brasil. MÉTODO: Estudo realizado de março a outubro de 2008 em 12 unidades da Polícia Militar dos municípios de Goiânia e Aparecida de Goiânia. Participantes voluntários (n = 221) foram entrevistados sobre uso de drogas utilizando-se questionário desenvolvido pelo Centro Brasileiro de Informações sobre Drogas Psicotrópicas (CEBRID). A estatística descritiva foi usada para determinar a prevalência de uso de drogas lícitas e ilícitas na amostra estudada. RESULTADOS: A frequência de uso foi: 1) qualquer época da vida: tabaco - 39,9 por cento, álcool - 87,8 por cento, maconha - 8,1 por cento, cocaína - 1,8 por cento, estimulantes - 7,2 por cento, solventes - 10,0 por cento, sedativos, ansiolíticos e antidepressivos - 6,8 por cento, LSD - 0,5 por cento, Bentyl® - 0,5 por cento; esteroides anabolizantes - 5,4 por cento; 2) último ano: tabaco - 15,4 por cento, álcool - 72,9 por cento, estimulantes - 6,3 por cento, solventes - 0,5 por cento, sedativos, ansiolíticos e antidepressivos - 3,7 por cento; 3) último mês: tabaco - 14,5 por cento, álcool - 57,5 por cento, estimulantes - 5,0 por cento, solventes - 0,5, sedativos, ansiolíticos e antidepressivos - 3,7 por cento. CONCLUSÃO: A alta prevalência do uso de drogas psicotrópicas por membros da Polícia Militar de duas cidades do Estado de Goiás, Brasil, pode ser considerada um fator importante com potencial influência sobre as atividades de trabalho.

Survey on the use of psychotropic drugs by twelve military police units in the municipalities of Goiânia and Aparecida de Goiânia, state of Goiás, Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of psychotropic drug use among military police officers in the state of Goiás, Brazil. METHOD: Study carried out at twelve military police units located in the municipalities of Goiânia and Aparecida de Goiânia between March to October 2008. Volunteers (n=221) were interviewed about drug use using a questionnaire especially designed by the Centro Brasileiro de Informações sobre Drogas Psicotrópicas (CEBRID). Descriptive statistics was used to determine the prevalence of licit and illicit drug use in the study sample. RESULTS: The frequency of use was divided into: 1) lifetime use: tobacco-39.9%, alcohol-87.8%, cannabis-8.1%, cocaine-1.8%, stimulants-7.2%, solvents-10.0%, sedatives, anxiolytics, antidepressants-6.8%, LSD-0.5%, Bentyl®-0.5%, anabolic steroids-5.4%; 2) use in the previous year: tobacco-15.4%, alcohol-72.9%, stimulants-6.3%, solvents-0.5%, sedatives, anxiolytics, antidepressants-3.7%; 3) use in the previous 30 days: tobacco-14.5%, alcohol-57.5%, stimulants-5.0%, solvents-0.5, sedatives, anxiolytics, antidepressants-3.7%. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence rate of psychotropic drug use found amoung military police officers in two cities of the state of Goiás in Brazil can be considered an important factor with potential influence on job activities.